cargo electric bicycles battery maintenance

cargo electric bicycles can not lose battery power storage, power loss means the battery charge status is not promptly charged after use is likely to cause salinization of sulfuric acid,Cargo bike lead sulfate crystals attached to the plates in the battery, plug the electric ion channels, will resulting charge does not go charging, the battery capacity will decrease. Under state power loss longer idle time, the more serious battery damage. When the battery is idle, should be charged once a month,cargo electric bike which can extend the battery life.
cargo electric bicycles battery in the course of the inspection to be carried out on a regular basis, if the electric bike to continue the mileage suddenly drops a dozen kilometers in a short time, it is likely that there is at least one battery set off a battery cell, plate softened electrode active material shedding short circuit. At this point,Electric folding Bikes should go to a professional battery repair mechanism to check, repair, or with a group.　

Flyhorse Cargo trikes have power does not go how to deal with

1 Check the electric vehicle battery output is normal, if the output end proved too bad battery, the urgent need to replace the battery.
2 pull the brake line segments, foldable electric bikes such as freight electric vehicles turning prove ** the bad, and the need to replace or repair ** with ** in Table 2 and the amount of the tube is capable of.
3 Check the switch, foldable electric bikes with wire and shorted turn and the positive signal line, such as turning the car to prove the bad turn in urgent need of replacement or repair. Flyhorse Cargo trikes twist switch to turn on the power with the amount of positive and universal form lines and signal lines.
Battery electric vehicle motor types and use common sense: the kind of electric car motors
Structure in the form of electric car motors can be divided into: friction drive, drive sprocket and the hub axis drive. Brushless motors and motor types are divided into two types of brush motors. Friction drive electric cars, in the ordinary bicycle with a battery box and controller installation by relying directly on the motor shaft wheel load on the tires, the friction to drive. Simple structure, low cost, but tire wear large, especially during the rainy season slippery, high energy consumption, low efficiency.
Axis sprocket drive electric cars, Flyhorse Cargo trikes frame axis placed at the specially designed motor driven axis through the gear box, and then driven by the rear wheels through the chain axis. Cargo electric motor vehicle is reasonable to focus its advantages, and can use a bicycle gear shifting system, the mechanical loss, the efficiency is slightly lower.

How to remove cargo electric bikes handlebar clamps

handlebar grip cargo electric bikes must be replaced. In many cases, you will know the time has come, because the grips slide, foldable electric bikes under the most dangerous conditions. Have them in your hand, you can really make the wheels under the oncoming vehicle. Please important (in fact, life saving) tips firmly fixed in Wikipedia handlebar grip back in place. You want to change the handlebars are not loose handle, cargo electric bicycles in unusual circumstances, people often cut them and discard the old one. But if you want to save the old grip, then they move intact, furniture polish with lemon can be easier to use and a thin screwdriver. Here is how to eject those who fight at any time. Steps: a collection of articles, you will need: a screwdriver and lemon furniture polish. Do not use oil. 2. furniture polish spray to screwdriver. Then insert a screwdriver grip and handlebar grip lubrication between. Push it all the way. 3 the old grip, round and round, until release handlebar grip. Rotation with the other hand until you feel it slip. (4) / pull to remove the grip. There, if you need more lubrication spray some furniture polish.

essentially cargo electric bicycles price war

A "product attributes dispute", is the difference between the cost of the product itself and property prices. When three industry matures, the vehicle itself and the cost price of the properties will be more transparent. At this time, the "price war" type brands will unprofitable, Electric Folding Bikes nowhere to go, because the brand itself has been peeled off into a soulless shell. cargo electric bicycles price reflects the value of the product is a major, long-term low prices will make customers lose sensitivity, which is why many long-term low-priced products than-expected sales of reasons. Consumers often think higher prices of goods, the quality is high, cargo electric bikes and therefore the long-term low may give consumers a feeling of poor quality. In the fight for low-cost part of the consumer, it would also lose the part of the consumer. In fact, consumers not want to buy "cheap" product, but want to buy "take advantage" of the product, the real price war is based on the "value" for customers of the brand of the product itself has identified and rational attitude. "Tricycle Business," to remind the business: doing product price adjustment must be cautious to ensure the realization of sales and profits double upgrade, should not be lost in the moment the price of long-term profitable opportunities.

Flyhorse Cargo trikes have power does not go how to deal with

1 Check the electric vehicle battery output is normal, if the output end proved too bad battery, the urgent need to replace the battery.
2 pull the brake line segments,electric mobility scooters such as freight electric vehicles turning prove ** the bad, and the need to replace or repair ** with ** in Table 2 and the amount of the tube is capable of.
3 Check the switch,folding ebike with wire and shorted turn and the positive signal line, such as turning the car to prove the bad turn in urgent need of replacement or repair. Flyhorse Cargo trikes twist switch to turn on the power with the amount of positive and universal form lines and signal lines.
Battery electric vehicle motor types and use common sense: the kind of electric car motors
Structure in the form of electric car motors can be divided into: friction drive, drive sprocket and the hub axis drive. Brushless motors and motor types are divided into two types of brush motors.

cargo electric bikes down the paint dry sand again after

 this time using some wet or dry sandpaper 1200. In 1200 sandpaper to ensure the "wet sand" to complete electric recumbent trike. This keeps the sandpaper from the "Load." Take some WINDEX, to paint spraying WINDEX, then sand wet sand. Make sure you keep complete "wet" while you polish. You're trying to do is take off the gloss paint manufacturers insist pink paint. Paint will once again make the paint shine.foldable bike electric The sticker or decal on your bike (optional). After you put lacquer protector, but unless you have a very thin paste, which is impossible, you will get a completely smooth surface. If you want to buy decals, look online, there are a lot of copies of decals major bike manufacturers.

decided to ride this car Finch peculiar modification cargo electric bicycles on the road

  According to Finch introduction, this bike is very strong, can load 40 cristobalite (about 254 kg), even take all six kids to go shopping is no problem. "In the beginning the children to ride hours, I think this is really going to kill me, I do not feel that they simply step on the brake pedal, but I bite the bullet and stick to ride it, cargo electric bicycles has now been fully adapted, and I have therefore lost 12 kg. "
While looking at the simple, but this foldable electric bikes is not cheap bike modification, Finch after spending more than 1,500 pounds (about 15,300 yuan). "There are a lot of people ask me how much money to spend this bike, I find it interesting if I drive a 4000 pounds (about 41,000 yuan) car, estimated that they would not ask this question and I always think in the long run, this money is very worthwhile,electric mobility scooters and it changed my life. "
The goal is to design a CariBoo anyone can afford freight transport, the use of recycled bicycle parts of Europe, combined with local materials, the main frame is two identical beams, made ??using bamboo, bamboo short growth cycle costs inexpensive, durable, helping to manually fire the bending means.
Between the two beams forming a more spacious, bamboo mat, after around with rattan, plastic sheeting and other muffled, it can become a mini truck. Simple, environmentally friendly, practical and economical.
CariBoo is iF International Bicycle Design Competition (IBDC) winning projects, designers of industrial designer from Munich, Germany, Maximilian Kolb.

decided to ride this car Finch peculiar modification cargo electric bicycles on the road

  According to Finch introduction, this bike is very strong, can load 40 cristobalite (about 254 kg), even take all six kids to go shopping is no problem. "In the beginning the children to ride hours, I think this is really going to kill me, I do not feel that they simply step on the brake pedal, but I bite the bullet and stick to ride it, cargo electric bicycles has now been fully adapted, and I have therefore lost 12 kg. "
While looking at the simple, but this foldable electric bikes is not cheap bike modification, Finch after spending more than 1,500 pounds (about 15,300 yuan). "There are a lot of people ask me how much money to spend this bike, I find it interesting if I drive a 4000 pounds (about 41,000 yuan) car, estimated that they would not ask this question and I always think in the long run, this money is very worthwhile,electric mobility scooters and it changed my life. "
The goal is to design a CariBoo anyone can afford freight transport, the use of recycled bicycle parts of Europe, combined with local materials, the main frame is two identical beams, made ??using bamboo, bamboo short growth cycle costs inexpensive, durable, helping to manually fire the bending means.
Between the two beams forming a more spacious, bamboo mat, after around with rattan, plastic sheeting and other muffled, it can become a mini truck. Simple, environmentally friendly, practical and economical.
CariBoo is iF International Bicycle Design Competition (IBDC) winning projects, designers of industrial designer from Munich, Germany, Maximilian Kolb.

decided to ride this car Finch peculiar modification cargo electric bicycles on the road

  According to Finch introduction, this bike is very strong, can load 40 cristobalite (about 254 kg), even take all six kids to go shopping is no problem. "In the beginning the children to ride hours, I think this is really going to kill me, I do not feel that they simply step on the brake pedal, but I bite the bullet and stick to ride it, cargo electric bicycles has now been fully adapted, and I have therefore lost 12 kg. "
While looking at the simple, but this foldable electric bikes is not cheap bike modification, Finch after spending more than 1,500 pounds (about 15,300 yuan). "There are a lot of people ask me how much money to spend this bike, I find it interesting if I drive a 4000 pounds (about 41,000 yuan) car, estimated that they would not ask this question and I always think in the long run, this money is very worthwhile,electric mobility scooters and it changed my life. "
The goal is to design a CariBoo anyone can afford freight transport, the use of recycled bicycle parts of Europe, combined with local materials, the main frame is two identical beams, made ??using bamboo, bamboo short growth cycle costs inexpensive, durable, helping to manually fire the bending means.
Between the two beams forming a more spacious, bamboo mat, after around with rattan, plastic sheeting and other muffled, it can become a mini truck. Simple, environmentally friendly, practical and economical.
CariBoo is iF International Bicycle Design Competition (IBDC) winning projects, designers of industrial designer from Munich, Germany, Maximilian Kolb.

Flyhorse Cargo trikes business

 most companies are willing to "rush" type to set strategy, the so-called advanced theories blindly copying others, successful experience. A channel for the king said,folding bikes electric they are desperate to build networks; say the brand is king, they went desperately advertise; say the depth distribution, you have to engage in market sinking ...... herd, a coax down, and made everyone strategic convergence,battery powered mountain bikes all the standard model, and finally only a single-plank bridge pushed up the price war.cargo tricycles from the architecture, product, price, place, promotion, there is no intrinsic link aspects, wants to do, the results did not do a good job; from the means of public relations, advertising, promotion, termination, channels, each set, each do another; from the region, the lack of linkage between the major zones, fighting each other, exchange experiences can not, the team can not synergistic.

cargo electric bikes complete the following steps

 fork or any other part of the framework of repainting your bike. Allow the paint harden for at least one week before the bike together, otherwise it may damage your beautiful new paint job.electric trike bicycles  under the most dangerous conditions. Have them in your hand, you can really make the wheels under the oncoming vehicle. Please important (in fact, life saving) tips firmly fixed in Wikipedia folding electric bikes handlebar grip back in place. You want to change the handlebars are not loose handle, in unusual circumstances, people often cut them and discard the old one. But if you want to save the old grip, then they move intact, furniture polish with lemon can be easier to use and a thin screwdriver. Here is how to eject those who fight at any time. Steps: a collection of articles, you will need: a screwdriver and lemon furniture polish. Do not use oil.

essentially cargo electric bicycles price war

A "product attributes dispute", is the difference between the cost of the product itself and property prices. When three industry matures, the vehicle itself and the cost price of double seat tricycle the properties will be more transparent. At this time, the "price war" type brands will unprofitable, nowhere to go, because the brand itself has been peeled off into a soulless shell. cargo electric bicycles price reflects the value of the product is a major, long-term low prices will make customers lose sensitivity, which is why many long-term low-priced products cargo bikes than-expected sales of reasons. Consumers often think higher prices of goods, the quality is high, and therefore the long-term low may give consumers a feeling of poor quality. In the fight for low-cost part of the consumer, it would also lose the part of the consumer. In fact, consumers not want to buy "cheap" product, but want to buy "take advantage" of the product, the real price war is based on the "value" for customers of the brand of the product itself has identified and rational attitude. "Tricycle Business," to remind the business: doing product price adjustment must be cautious to ensure the realization of sales and profits double upgrade, should not be lost in the moment the price of long-term profitable opportunities.

cargo tricycles from the architecture

 product, price, place, promotion, there is no intrinsic link aspects, wants to do, the results did not do a good job; from the means of public relations, advertising, promotion,cargo electric bicycles termination, channels, each set, each do another; from the region, the lack of linkage between the major zones, fighting each other, exchange experiences can not, the team can not synergistic. In China, not only Flyhorse Cargo trikes business, most companies are willing to "rush" type to set strategy,cargo tricycles the so-called advanced theories blindly copying others, successful experience. A channel for the king said, they are desperate to build networks; say the brand is king, they went desperately advertise; say the depth distribution, you have to engage in market sinking ...... herd, a coax down, and made everyone strategic convergence, all the standard model, and finally only a single-plank bridge pushed up the price war.

Flyhorse cargo trikes is prohibited to store power loss

Power loss state means there is no time charging the battery. Cargo electric car batteries to store power-up state in deficit, it is prone to sulfate, lead sulfate crystals attached to the plates, blocking the electric ion channels, resulting in insufficient charging, cargo electric bike the battery capacity decreases. Loss of power idle state longer, more severe damage to the battery. Therefore, when the battery is idle, power should be added once a month, so that the battery can better maintain a healthy state. Expand the situation of domestic electric freight cars twenty-first century unfolds, can be described as the era of the "Call green",cargo trikes not only asking people to pay attention to throttle power, more important is asking people to become more focused on living conditions and environmental protection, with completion of the community continued to expand. The electric car is the only one able to arrive zero-emission vehicles in the world at that time sensitive. Due to environmental requirements, combined with new materials and new skills to start, electric freight cars entered a rapid expansion period. On electric cars common key skills, establish a collection, assembly and communication protocols talks of electric vehicle freight cars, electric cars opened up the basic vehicle control module, expand the high-power battery function with electronic management system and a rare word control system, motor drive system, the composition of China's industrial base electric car components.

The primary purpose of cargo tricycles

At that time, the primary electric freight cars for the tour passengers, cargo handling purposes, is used as a passenger in the park, scenic, recreational resorts, universities, hospitals, golf courses, real estate companies and other places, the primary use of electric cars is in factories, ports, logistics and warehouse. Electric cargo truck popular use for 8-12 lifetime, cargo bicycles its battery life using the popular 1-4 years (depending on the use of maintenance situation). Before electric freight cars Expand History: from the 1880s, for private cars, cargo electric bicycles trucks and urban public transport vehicles. Low-speed electric vehicles, charging mileage is limited is not a defect, but its no noise, low maintenance so that it could spread. Prior to 1920, electric freight cars and petrol cars from time to time in the competition, the car battery was initially added as electric start allows gasoline-powered cars become more attractive, with many producing gasoline vehicles to reduce costs. In Europe, electric freight cars from time to time be used as a short-freight cars. From the initial 70 years, the countries again electric freight cars seizures interest, especially the issue was not relying on foreign oil and the impact of the situation, leading to repeated improve battery car speed and distance traveled.

Cargo electric bikes down the paint dry sand again after

this time using some wet or dry sandpaper 1200. In 1200 sandpaper to ensure the "wet sand" to complete. This keeps the sandpaper from the "Load." Take some WINDEX, to paint spraying WINDEX, then sand wet sand.electric tandem bike Make sure you keep complete "wet" while you polish. You're trying to do is take off the gloss paint manufacturers insist pink paint. Paint will once again make the paint shine. The sticker or decal electric trike bikes on your bike (optional). After you put lacquer protector, but unless you have a very thin paste, which is impossible, you will get a completely smooth surface. If you want to buy decals, look online, there are a lot of copies of decals major bike manufacturers.

After adjusting derailleur steps cargo electric bicycles

1 the lowest possible gear shift bicycle (the largest rear gear sprocket closest to the spokes on the box).
2 in the rear gear (sprocket), and make sure they do not touch the transmission gear / wheel when the top (on wheels),electric trike bikes the lowest gear. It is very obvious, because it causes a very loud noise, was riding cargo electric bicycles in this round. Note: The arrow points to the side of the derailleur pulleys. If the cargo trikes is in contact with the cassette, and rotate the screw derailleur ("b" of the gap adjusting screw screw or chain) to increase in a clockwise direction until the at least a couple of millimeters (tenth of a gear from the cassette separation of tension ") of gear, if too far away tape, loosen the screws until they contact, then tighten until they just remove a few millimeters.
3 in the lower cable tension feeling. If there is tension, loosen the cable adjuster (red arrow indicates) clockwise until there is no tension. It is very important to prepare for the next step.

Essentially cargo trikes price war

A "product attributes dispute", is the difference between the cost of the product itself and property prices. When three industry matures, the vehicle itself and the cost price of the properties will be more transparent. At this time, the "price war" type brands will unprofitable, nowhere to go, because the brand itself has been peeled off into a soulless shell. cargo electric bicycles price reflects the value of the product is a major, long-term low prices will make customers lose sensitivity, which is why many electric trike bicycles long-term low-priced products than-expected sales of reasons. Consumers often think higher prices of goods, the quality is high, and therefore the long-term low may give consumers a feeling of poor quality. In the fight for low-cost part of the consumer, it would also lose the part of the consumer. In fact,cargo electric bicycles  consumers not want to buy "cheap" product, but want to buy "take advantage" of the product, tricycle with basket the real price war is based on the "value" for customers of the brand of the product itself has identified and rational attitude. "Tricycle Business," to remind the business: doing product price adjustment must be cautious to ensure the realization of sales and profits double upgrade, should not be lost in the moment the price of long-term profitable opportunities.

Essentially Flyhorse cargo trikes price war

A "product attributes dispute", is the difference between the cost of the product itself and property prices. When three industry matures, the vehicle itself and the cost price of the properties alloy folding bicycle will be more transparent. At this time, the "price war" type brands will unprofitable, nowhere to go, because the brand itself has been peeled off into a soulless shell. cargo electric bicycles price reflects the value of the product is a major, long-term low prices will make customers lose sensitivity, which is why many long-term low-priced products than-expected electric adult tricycles sales of reasons. Consumers often think higher prices of goods, the quality is high, and therefore the long-term low may give consumers a feeling of poor quality. In the fight for low-cost part of the consumer, it would also lose the part of the consumer. In fact, consumers not want to buy "cheap" product, but want to buy "take advantage" of the product, the real price war is based on the "value" for customers of the brand of the product itself has identified and rational attitude. "Tricycle Business," to remind the business: doing product price adjustment must be cautious to ensure the realization of sales and profits double upgrade, should not be lost in the moment the price of long-term profitable opportunities.

American "super mom" converted into cargo electric bicycles while pick six children to school

Children to school has been a headache for parents, but a Portland, Oregon "super mom" whim, with a converted cargo bike, run around 20 miles a day pick six children to school .
According to the British "Daily Mail" website reported on September 12, aged 34, Emily? Finch is the mother of six children, she originally wanted to buy a sport utility vehicle to pick up the child to solve the problem, but one night her online search for "family bike" when changing doctrine. At that time, a phase Finch Dutch cargo bike a tradition called "Buck Fez" (bakfiets)'s. This bike's front wheel is small,electric powered trikes large rear wheels, fitted with a bucket between rounds, can accommodate four kids to sit down, after there is a manned vehicle seat.
"When I saw the bike, I realized it was time to change about the way of life, this is it!" Finch on the Internet that night ordered a cargo electric bicycles. However, pick up the child's problem has not been fully resolved, Finch, a total of six children, and a "Buck Fez" can only hold 5.folding bikes electric So Finch brains, she put on a regular bike and this car cargo bikes tied together, so that the eldest daughter sitting on the back seat of an ordinary bicycle.
Problem solved, but Finch began to worry about her conversion bike will invite the neighbors gossip. "In their eyes, I'm a freak, I have three children were born at home, and now I'm ready to take such a 'monster' pick six children to school, they will think I'm crazy, "Finch said.
After some deliberation, decided to ride this car Finch peculiar modification cargo electric bicycles on the road. According to Finch introduction, this bike is very strong, can load 40 cristobalite (about 254 kg), even take all six kids to go shopping is no problem. "In the beginning the children to ride hours, I think this is really going to kill me tandem adult tricycle, I do not feel that they simply step on the brake pedal, but I bite the bullet and stick to ride it, has now been fully adapted, and I have therefore lost 12 kg. "
While looking at the simple, but this car is not cheap bike modification, Finch after spending more than 1,500 pounds (about 15,300 yuan). "There are a lot of people ask me how much money to spend this bike, I find it interesting if I drive a 4000 pounds (about 41,000 yuan) car,Flyhorse Womens mountain bikes estimated that they would not ask this question and I always think in the long run, this money is very worthwhile, and it changed my life. "
The goal is to design a CariBoo anyone can afford freight transport, the use of recycled bicycle parts of Europe, combined with local materials, the main frame is two identical beams, made ​​using bamboo, bamboo short growth cycle costs inexpensive, durable, helping to manually fire the bending means.
Between the two beams forming a more spacious, bamboo mat, after around with rattan, plastic sheeting and other muffled, it can become a mini truck. Simple, environmentally friendly, practical and economical.
CariBoo is iF International Bicycle Design Competition (IBDC) winning projects, designers of industrial designer from Munich, Germany, Maximilian Kolb.
Bicycle, also known as a bicycle or bicycle, which is usually a small land vehicles second round. After people ride the car to the foot pedal powered, is environmentally friendly means of transport. English bicycle or bike the bi meaning two, and cycle refers to the wheel. In Japan called "self-Yun car"; in mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, commonly referred to as the "bicycle" or "bicycle"; in Hong Kong and Macao are usually referred to as "cycling." There are single bike, as well as double or more bicycles....

essentially cargo electric bicycles price war

A "product attributes dispute", is the difference between the cost of the product itself and property prices. When three industry matures, the vehicle itself and the cost price of the properties cargo electric bikes will be more transparent. At this time, the "price war" type brands will unprofitable, nowhere to go, because the brand itself has been peeled off into a soulless shell. cargo electric bicycles price reflects the value of the product is a major, long-term low prices will make customers lose sensitivity, which is why many long-term low-priced products tandem mobility scooters than-expected sales of reasons. Consumers often think higher prices of goods, the quality is high, and therefore the long-term low may give consumers a feeling of poor quality. In the fight for low-cost part of the consumer, it would also lose the part of the consumer. In fact, consumers not want to buy "cheap" product, but want to buy "take advantage" of the product, the real price war is based on the "value" for customers of the brand of the product itself has identified and rational attitude. "Tricycle Business," to remind the business: doing product price adjustment must be cautious to ensure the realization of sales and profits double upgrade, should not be lost in the moment the price of long-term profitable opportunities.

cargo electric bikes brakes

The quality of the relationship between the brake to secure your safety and that of others, cargo electric bikes braking force and brake braking time is a major factor in the decision is  good or bad electric trike bikes, so good braking performance, the operating power of light is very important to use. In Japan there is a more common roller brake, except in the rain can also get satisfactory results as usual, but there will be no noise when braking and do not repair. What kind of bike best suited for you? First is to look at what the purpose of your bike, general work, school,battery electric bicycle shopping, then you can use the normal light trucks, preferably relatively large basket, you can put the bag or something. If the conditions there to buy the gear shift car or bike outside. If you ride on the road or bridge slopes, you also feel uphill, the bridge was tired a lot of trouble, then you should choose a bicycle electric assist bikes transmission. If you are in a place often rains, you should choose cargo electric bikes with mudguards, more opportunities if riding at night, then you should choose a bike with lights and so on. In the bike shop often has a variety of appearance, color bike, so before you go to a bike shop, it is best according to their actual situation, you will need to determine themselves what kind of bike Yan, then to the bike shop to buy.

cargo electric bicycles do not know when riding gear in the first few paragraphs?

Has now shifting to the digital display, digital display can just look at the latest products as well as using a computer LCD's FLIGHT DECK electronic display systems. The display system electric trike bicycles can also display 17 kinds of function time, average speed, total distance riding. the cargo electric bicycles and outer gear before shifting to know them, it is necessary to know the concept of the internal gear and the external gear. Simply put outside the transmission gear means electric tandem bike mounted on the outside of the bicycle exists as a separate part, and the inner gear is hidden in the rear hub represents the concealed parts. Presented directly outside the outer gear, direct contact with the external space. However, due to exposure and rain, dirt, oil, etc., so care must be regularly cleaned, and do not in the periodic maintenance of the shift, but the shift in the design due to the limited space, so the more limited range of the transmission, is typically used in urban the riding light trucks as much. Why is the speed the car has yet to spread? Domestic market because consumers have not been able to appreciate the charm of the speed, so at this stage has not been widespread, but in Japan and Western countries shift is already very common (50% in the Japanese bikes are shifting car). Of course, the reason is that no maintenance. Recent new products as well as sensors and micro-motors through the computer to automatically shift the automatic transmission system.

Flyhorse cargo trikes tricycles market development

Flyhorse cargo trikes permeates everyday bit by bit, let me follow the wheel mark, then go listen to the voice of the beneficiary.
Tricycle market this "cake", "cargo electric bicycles cited numerous corporate homage", coupled with an electric motor and companies pour in, join the competition for participation scraping points. State-owned, collective, private, joint venture, sole proprietorship gathered in the main battlefield of today's three industry Bailei lineup, a showdown. Great "soldiers arrives," the battle, along with upgrading the level of competition there, Flyhorse cargo trikes way competition has quietly began to folding electric tricycle change, upgrade brand value from the price war to fight. A merger and reorganization, integration of resources, survival electric powered tricycles of the fittest industry unstoppable major reshuffle aimed at three industry sinews and bones and downsizing exercise boom surging. Recently, I went to visit the market found that the majority of consumers to the store when consulting cars, the first sentence is no longer "How much is this car?" More "this vehicle configuration Zeyang?"
     Flyhorse cargo trikes industry sales in 2010, about 350,000 years ago, just a few market holdings had more than 5 million, this extraordinary growth is inseparable from the natural magic price "magic wand." However, many companies do not have the ability to manipulate three price "magic wand", and thus lead to business halfway died, there is another reason for this situation failed to play to their genetic advantage, the company's marketing strategy is divergent, there is no integrated force their own values​​.

Flyhorse cargo trikes for enterprise development impact

In order to see the dealer industry, for consumers to understand the industry, a long-planned to "Flyhorse cargo trikes Warring States Period: VS electric three-wheeled motorized tuk" as the theme of the foldable electric bikes Industry Summit Forum will be Aug. 2 pm at the Zhengzhou International convention and Exhibition Centre.
     Early concerns about the folding ebikes tricycle business is incorporated, integration, transformation, quickly forming ability, attention must be implemented in the latter part of the brand development, product technology content, cohesion, and Flyhorse cargo trikes services, export capacity of the network.
A car, the development of a long tricycle for adult, loaded with a lifetime of care, running I promise!
Tricycle as a means of transport, have played an active role in the area of ​​transport. In the taxi is not yet universal, buses not yet entered the market situation, tricycle operations with its low price and the "drill string Street Alley" a convenient brought convenience to many people, but also solve some low-income county families, especially the part of the laid-off workers, some with disabilities and some farmers in peri-urban livelihoods.

The author of the cargo Flyhorse cargo trikes proposal

that one should actively promote the construction of supporting facilities. Clear electric car manufacturers, vendors, charging responsibilities and obligations pile businesses, community property of their respective owners and should bear. As in new construction,cargo electric bicycles renovation residential areas, parking spaces in accordance with the Flyhorse cargo trikes construction of new energy vehicles as a percentage of parking spaces; charging cargo electric bicycles facilities for their own use charging conditions confirmed a clear technical specifications, price, electric tandem bike construction and installation process by telegraph aspects; personal use charging facilities will be "a car a", "pile vehicle go" principle, the new energy automobile power mobility scooter enterprises or institutions entrusted (4S shop) responsible for the organization and management of the entire process.
Second, the introduction of uniform standards for electric vehicle batteries as soon as possible. In other words, Flyhorse cargo trikes all electric vehicle battery interface is the same, the car needs to be charged, just open to the charging station, the replacement of the same model battery.
The third is to encourage resource hotel has parking spaces, parks and other public places actively establish charging infrastructure to facilitate travel.
Fourth, continue to increase subsidies for new energy vehicles in the private car, as well as step up publicity efforts to allow consumers to understand the characteristics of the electric car green, knowing the position of the charging station, the role of master proper use of electric charging pile.

cargo trikes brush and brushless Flyhorse cargo trikes DC motors were powered by pulse

width modulation PWM speed control method, just choose the drive difference circuits, integrated circuits, power transistor switching circuits and certain related functionality. Differences Flyhorse cargo trikes electric trike bicycles components and circuits on the same cargo tricycles controller not constitute a performance. From Flyhorse cargo trikes the structure of the two controllers for discrete and integral. With the deepening of electric vehicle technology has matured and a new energy policy to promote the growing number of electric cargo electric bicycles vehicles products have entered homes.Flyhorse cargo trikes But at present, imperfect charging infrastructure development cargo bikes of electric vehicles become a bottleneck. Several users have their own electric car dare long distances, because in many places there is no charging stations. Therefore, accelerating the construction of charging stations without delay.

Principle cargo Flyhorse cargo trikes trikes controller

 speak briefly from the peripheral device and the controller is the main chip (or SCM) components. Some peripheral devices are functional devices, such as the implementation, sampling, etc.,Flyhorse cargo trikes they are resistors, sensors, bridge switching circuit, and auxiliary microcontroller or ASIC device control process is completed; microcontroller electric tandem bike, also known as micro-controller is integrated on a chip to memory, language has transformed signal decoder, sawtooth generator and pulse width power mobility scootermodulation circuit and make the switch circuit features power management turned on or off by controlling the power tubes square wave conduction time to control the motor speed the integrated drive circuit with input and output ports,Flyhorse cargo trikes etc., and the computer chip configured. This is the electric bicycle intelligent controller. It is based on high-tech products, "fool" guises.
  Controller design quality, features, functions used in microprocessors, power switching devices and peripheral devices circuit layout is directly related to vehicle performance and operational status, also affect the performance and efficiency of the controller itself. Different quality controllers, used in the same car with the same group with the same state of the battery charge and discharge, and sometimes show a larger difference in driving ability.

cargo trikes comparison to imported electric vans

Current domestic electric cars generally do not have power steering systems. Most imported electric cars have been installed cargo trikes systems.
Electric cars suitable for heavy and long cargo transshipment can greatly improve the efficiency of cargo handling.
This machine is ultra-thin body Electric Tricycles, CVT, especially small turning radius, body strong, light and flexible action, no noise, no pollution, long working hours on a single charge, reliable foldable electric bikes performance, widely used in logistics, warehouses, factories, hospitals , schools, shopping malls, airports, stadiums, railway stations airports and so on.
Walking speed control selection of the latest type MOS transistor variable speed system, according to the loading of goods, the surrounding environment, casual retreat forward speed control operation. Such as the use of imported variable speed system, you can control the pace many ways, the result is better.

Pulse charging freight cargo trikes vehicle batteries

Pulse charging freight electric car battery is not continuous, square-wave fixed voltage to the battery, the charging current is large. Since the initial charge and negative plates are in a state of lead Folding electric bikes, a greater ability to accept, but also because of the discontinuity of the square wave, the waveform between each intermittent stopped there, to the electrode active material in a sufficient reaction, Electric Bikes, balanced opportunities both inside and outside the material, so the initial charge faster. With the reduction of the plate material continuously, rising voltage, the charging speed continues to slow down, the reaction rate decreases the active substance, gradually accumulate a large number of plates around the charged ions, surround the plate, so that the plates are isolated to prevent subsequent charged ions reach the active substance. Brand electric tricycle when the limit is reached when the plate potential (close charge termination voltage), galvanic effect almost cease. The polarization point, turn on the water to decompose around the plate, showing a lot of bubbling and water evaporation, cathode surface adsorption of large amounts of oxygen, a lot of negative surface adsorption of hydrogen, when the voltage is called "gas point."
Freight wide range of applications of electric vehicles, there are elderly scooter electric tricycle with cargo electric car, passenger electric tricycle, electric tricycle have their kids, and even have occupied laden electric tricycle. Electric tricycles are more open. Electric tricycle course, easy to operate, good stability, multi-use, inexpensive. When squally showers struck, completely restrict the use of electric tricycles.

Pulse charging the battery cargo tricycle

Pulse charging is not continuous, square-wave voltage is fixed to the battery, the charging current is large. Since the initial charge and negative plates are in a state of lead sulfate, a greater ability to accept, but also because of the discontinuity of the square wave, the waveform between each intermittent stopped there, to the electrode active material in a sufficient reaction, adjustment, balanced opportunities both inside and outside the material, so the initial charge faster. With the reduction of the plate material Folding bicycle, rising voltage, the charging speed continues to slow down, the reaction rate decreases the active substance, gradually accumulate a large number of plates around the charged ions, surround the Three wheel bikes, so that the plates are isolated to prevent subsequent charged ions reach the active substance. Brand electric tricycle when the limit is reached when the plate potential (close charge termination voltage), galvanic effect almost cease. The polarization point, turn on the water to decompose around the plate, showing a lot of bubbling and water evaporation, cathode surface adsorption of large amounts of oxygen, a lot of negative surface adsorption of hydrogen, when the voltage is called "gas point." Freight wide range of applications of electric vehicles, there are elderly scooter electric tricycle with cargo electric car, passenger electric tricycle, electric tricycle have their kids, and even have occupied laden electric tricycle. Electric tricycles are more open. Electric tricycle course, easy to operate, good stability, multi-use, inexpensive. When squally showers struck, completely restrict the use of electric tricycles. Electric cargo vehicle without a driver's industrial applications truck to be charging the battery for its power source. Generally can be controlled through a computer and its route of behavior, or to set up its use of electromagnetic rail travel routes, electromagnetic rail affixed to the floor, AGV then follow the message brought by electromagnetic rail moves and actions. Electric freight car models for the integrated layout container body, flat cargo box for the abolition of the baffle, quick and easy loading and unloading of goods, and container of ground clearance according to ergonomics program, workers do not have to bend over jobs maximize the low labor intensity of workers. Second, the minimum turning radius of 2.9m models, such as the Treasury in the narrow channel and other places can maneuver in turn, reversing. Although it looks small in size, but the container was enough to have a 2.4m long, and accepted high-strength steel plate embossed, durable, guarantee the user's needs up the goods. At run time, the car with the car deal slower, limited in plant operation by operation garden supplies, transport tranquility are guaranteed. In addition, the car is equipped with rear traction device, handling and traction with two outcomes may expand 0.5 tons to 2 tons full range of products.

Outdoor scooter selection methods and cargo trikes precautions

First, look at speed: the speed to slow, be safe! Elderly scooter speed international standard is 8 km / h, full consideration to the elderly is the actual physical condition; Secondly, look at the frame structure: ① center of gravity design: vehicle center of gravity is lower, to Mobility Scooters stable from foot board can be seen above ground. High vehicle ground clearance, low center of gravity relative to the vehicle is high, the safety of the traveling backward; design ② Distance between the right and left wheels: the same width of the vehicle body, the track width of the vehicle more ground adhesion is strong, like the steering controllability, easy to roll, high safety factor! Again, look at the design and automatic drive system: motor home, rear-wheel drive, driving strong, climbing capacity, in the case of security is guaranteed, the failure rate is very low, even when electric tandem bike used improperly failure, low maintenance costs. Braking systems, electromagnetic brake, that power brakes.
Concluded buy elderly scooter time to pay attention: speed key safe speed, vehicle designed to be a low center of gravity, wider track, rear-wheel drive vehicle, vehicle gradeability stronger with reversing devices, simple operation, select big brands, the quality is guaranteed. Outdoor scooter maintenance and use of the process there are many mistakes, some common mistake often committed not only novices, some older drivers are sometimes inevitable. Outdoor scooter maintenance course some wrong practices, may not only damage the outdoor scooter itself, are more likely to endanger road safety. Here introduce new outdoor scooter battery charging maintenance problems: Outdoor scooter different operating modes of the battery charging time have different requirements, and charging time charging different needs of different ways to meet. Moreover, different charging the battery has its optimum voltage, current and charging time. Charging the battery in the conventional manner requires a longer charging time, generally require 8-12 hours or even longer. Conventional charge mainly in the evenings. Day operations of electric vehicles in the future finished in a dedicated area of the charging station for charging evening long, the general charge to start the next day operations. The main advantage is that the evening charging good use of low power, the power balance in the region during the day and night. In addition, the charging station established in the crowded area, so pure electric passenger vehicles originating station to run shorter distances, saving battery power consumption and improve the utilization of the battery. Supplementary charge is generally performed during daytime operations intermittent battery fast charging. For pure electric vehicle, the battery is charged evening to meet the basic operational requirements of the day, but when the operator task too heavy, too long, or load carriers when outdoors scooter parking hospitality must make full use of supplementary charge time. Fast charge mode using supplemental charge charging straight line, since the non-memory characteristics of the secondary battery, no significant impact on the battery life, and more importantly no effect on daytime operations.

Electric tricycle high efficiency and diversification

As we all know, is the use of electric tricycle braking power as an energy vehicles, and motor-driven wheel driving. Many people are now favored means of transport, the following electric tricycle manufacturers to tell you about the electric tricycle high efficiency and diversification.
After a study of the electric tricycle showed that their energy efficiency over gasoline vehicles. Especially in urban operation, due to the stop and go of city life, travel speed is not high, the electric tricycle is more appropriate. Needless electric tricycle stopped when the power consumption during braking, the electric motor can be automatically converted to a  Cargo trikes , brake deceleration to achieve re-use of energy. Some studies have shown that the same oil after crude refining, power plants sent by charging into the battery, and then by the battery-powered car, the energy utilization efficiency than through refined into g Cargo bike , and therefore help save energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. On the other hand, the application of an electric tricycle can effectively reduce dependence on petroleum resources can be limited oil for the more important aspects. Electricity to charge the battery can be transformed by the coal, natural gas, hydro, nuclear, solar, wind, tidal and other energy sources. In addition, if at night to charge the  Electric Tricycle , you can avoid the peak, is conducive to the power grid load balancing, reduce costs.
Cargo electric tricycle is used for cargo tricycle, electric tricycle you know freight is also divided into two types of it? Cargo electric tricycle main classification motorcycle motorized three-and type.
1, motorized type: configuration, style and almost three-wheeled motorcycle, motor home with a large shaft with more than 500W motor, cargo capacity is generally 300-600KG, equipped with inverted switch, and speed control system. The fastest road about 35 kilometers per hour.
2, three-wheeled motorized type: Multi converted from motorized three-wheeled made ​​after the bridge, complete with motor tricycle trunk configuration, load in a ton or more, by the gearbox speed, high-capacity configuration 4-5 blocks 120AH battery, 900W DC motor over there with a cab and without cab, hydraulic lifting device can also be configured for use as bulk materials handling plant and the city for garbage removal, etc..
Passenger electric tricycle is an important part of their tires, how to carry out maintenance of passenger electric tricycle tire of it? Xiaobian to introduce.
1, the tire valve with the tires and wheels should be good cooperation, and to ensure the seal to prevent dust and sand from entering.
2, to ensure that tires have gas. Driving under the tire pressure is insufficient, the deformation of the tire and cause abnormal wear or dislocation, severe cases there may be dangerous puncture.
3, note that the tire pressure is not too high. In the tire pressure is too high will reduce the tire grip, and increased risk of slipping of the tire cut.
4, note the ground sharp objects, stones, broken glass.
5, do not often fast driving or frequent emergency brake on a detour
6, the proper positioning and adjustment of the position of the tire.
7, to check tire pressure regularly, we have to wait at the check tire cooling, do not check the tire deflated when hot.

cargo electric bikes, soft tail frame

Also known as cargo electric bicycles frame, more comfortable, not too bumpy mountain deceleration, but relentless force riding up there, is not suitable for long distance, the higher the price, especially if you choose a good rear shock, with frame rates a comparable price. 

Frame types 

Market so many types of cargo electric bikes frame structures, each brand is slightly different, but generally can be divided into the following three categories, and a variety of other sub-categories under another species, we will talk about include: 

Fixed turning point a. Single arm, b. Connecting rod, 

Virtual turning point a. Horst link, b. VPP, c. NRS, d. Lawwill, e.abp. 

Other a. URT, b. I-Drive.

cargo electric bikes hard tail frame features

Ideal for non-road terrain hard tail cargo electric bikes  one-way street and race. It is more than full suspension mountain bike lighter, more durable and less expensive. Because the frame is lighter and less parts, more durable because it does not require the maintenance of a pivot or shock. This means that it requires less maintenance costs, so use them cheaper, the city electric bicycle initial purchase price is also low. For these reasons, the hard tail cross-country mountain bike race who has many choices. Whether you are a novice or an experienced veteran mountain bike rich, hard tail mountain bikes are very good track race bike. In fact, if you are riding a strong tail mountain bike, you would likely agree that it is indeed able to cope with most of the terrain. Generally we have used: Giant ATX Pro / XTC FR / Team, Merida TFS / HFS, Trek 8500, Trek Elite 8.9 (8500 upgraded models), Specialized S-Works Yingjia, lift 200 and so on.

cargo electric bicycles how burglar

Electric cars stolen people upset. How to effectively prevent electric car is stolen? 

Lock is very important 

Qualified with a high-quality lock is to prevent the basic elements of the cargo electric bicycles stolen. Selling car dealer donated car lock when not in use, mostly because of the poor quality Mini lock lock, card lock with a hammer in the Ministry of tap twice to open. Simultaneously using two different principles of locks, as far as possible to lock the car with a fixed object lock together to prevent being stolen handling gangs. 

Parked with stress 

Choosing a good and safe place to park to park way is a good way to prevent the theft of electric cars. 

The cargo electric bike is not in use, the best car parked into the room, garage or manned parking spots. The site will be able to lock all locked when parked. Temporarily parked electric car, try to park in their own or passers-by, nearby businesses easier to see the place, look at parked near the camera is not installed, and if so, put the car within the shooting range of the camera.

cargo trikes before batteries need to be installed visual inspection

     Electric cargo trikes is for battery-powered, motor-driven pull cargo or pull people use the three vehicles. Battery is one of the major components of the electric cargo tricycle, before the battery installation, the following requirements shall be visually inspected:
1, measuring the battery open circuit voltage, shall comply with the installation requirements.
2, the battery's positive and negative side column must correct polarity, and should be no distortion, leakage and other defects.
3, the cargo tricycles battery should be no cracks, damage, tank cover should be sealed well.
4, the battery should be obvious grouping logo, loading the grouping should be recorded on the warranty card logo.
5, connected accessories should be complete.

cargo electric bicycles purchase what needs attention?

    In general, the optional cargo electric bicycles mainly through motors, batteries, a frame, plate, comparing the results to the wheel. Most home electric three-wheel motor is unilateral, external frame, the structure of the car is no big shaft, not stability, after two rounds of sync, load light, frame deformation. To select a motor city electric bicycle with a large center axis of the shaft which is also called the bridge, back rest, is an important component of the connection between the axles rounds tricycle, tricycle. This car good stability, motor home after two rounds while driving a smooth start. And these cars do not have an external chassis, the vehicle appearance is also nice. These heavy steel frame thicker relatively safe car does not roll. Of course, too much too much power.
    Of course, the most important is the need, where appropriate to their specific circumstances identified, after all, only the right is the best.

Note the use of cargo electric bikes Introduction

    With the increasing amount of cargo electric bikes , which Precautions more and more people 's attention , following on to make a specific introduction .
    For the first passenger electric tricycle battery connected Wire must comply with the relevant provisions of electrical installation , connection between the battery and the wire welded or bolted connection, the connection must be strong and must not damage the terminal and seal parts during the welding operation, cable does not allow cross , overlap , and by squeezing phenomenon , installation should be preceded by disconnecting the electric vehicle power door locks to prevent sparking phenomenon when wiring caused the explosion , tools used to install insulation measures should be taken , cables put an end to the phenomenon when a short circuit occurs , so that other parts of cis bad electric tricycle .
    Everyday driving cargo bicycles should be avoided on the air is humid , high temperature and corrosive gases , so as not to make the paint surface plating metal parts chemical corrosion , should avoid prolonged exposure to the sun and rain cargo bikes , so as not to the controller component damage , causing operation failure, accidents , such as when the local charging voltage instability, easy to make charger fuse is recommended to use the AC voltage regulator , in addition to riding should not be overloaded , heavy items should be placed and with the people, in order to avoid damage to the battery and motor , regularly deal with the front axle , rear axle , axis , flywheel , fork, shock absorbers and other parts of the pivot point for maintenance , thereby reducing its failure during operation.

cargo electric bicycles Technology Trends

1, the universal application of the detachable battery pack . Battery replacement service may be provided in the charging station , so that the cargo electric bicycles battery is about to run out of the vehicle where the replacement has a rechargeable battery.
2, the wireless charging technology . Using electromagnetic waves , such as radio transmission technology, the cargo electric bike charging unlimited , so you can create many infinite wave transmitting station , even if the vehicle is in motion can be charged at any time .
New Technology
Research institutions have been successfully developed in the smooth running of the slippery road cargo tricycles technology , both in rain or partially frozen sediment to the road , the driver can control the front and rear wheels to maintain the overall driving force cars to maintain stable body . It is understood that this technology will soon make the car front wheel skid reached a critical point , while the rear wheels reach the critical point within a few seconds, the implementation of the " previous control " , that is, once forecast to slip self-adjusting currents and driving force . Technology uses a motor vehicle and driver independent front and rear differential gear , the driving force can be adjusted separately , so the total driving force of the car can be consistent. Driving experiments show that the use of the technology of electric vehicles compared with the general electric vehicles, giving the body's gravity exerted decreased from 5% to 2.5 %, due to the accelerating changes in the body caused by swinging sharply reduced.

How to determine the cargo trikes merits of the controller

Back pressure control observed

      Select a cargo trikes , power can be bigger , unplug the battery charger for electric vehicles powered choice , connect terminals E-ABS is enabled , the switch to ensure good contact with the brake . Slowly turn the rotating , fast charger can not output large current will cause voltage, so that the motor reaches top speed , rapid braking, repeatedly, should damage occur MOS phenomenon during cargo electric bikes braking , the charger output terminal voltage will rise rapidly , the test controller instant pressure limiting the ability of this test if the battery test basically no effect. This test can also be performed in the fast downhill , when the car reaches the high speed braking.
Current control
Take full battery capacity the better , let the motor reaches top speed , optional two motor output line short , repeated more than 30 times, should not appear MOS damage ; let the motor reaches top speed , with the cargo bikes battery positive and optionally a motor line short , repeated 30 times , which is more severe than the test , a MOS circuit of less resistance, greater instantaneous short circuit current, rapid control of the test controller .
Many controllers fool in this part , if damaged, can compare the number two controllers successfully withstand a short circuit , the less worse ; unplug an electrical cord, turn to pull the maximum , then the motor will not run quickly turned the other motor lines, should be able to turn the motor immediately , the motor rotation in which a motor repeatedly plug wire , the controller should work . This part of the experiment to verify the controller software , hardware reliability design .

cargo trikes Battery Maintenance

Maintenance-free battery does not mean no maintenance. In fact, the origins of this term maintenance-free battery is for opening the cargo bikes battery (scientific name: dry-charged batteries) to be supplemented with the use of pure water comes, that is cargo electric bike maintenance-free batteries in the process does not require the use of additional pure water only, not it does not require maintenance. Maintenance-free battery has many advantages: for example, self-discharge, in use less water loss, good high-current discharge performance, acid does not overflow. However, maintenance-free batteries battery than the opening "stingy", mainly in the charging session. When we use the charging needs on the ground, such as the long-term over-discharge, less filling, etc., according to factory specification requirements must be charged, otherwise the cargo bicycles battery will be deformed, etc.; in the car charging voltage must be controlled at 13.8V-14.4V between, or the charge voltage is high, resulting in the rapid loss of water you can not pay; charging voltage is low, the battery may cause long-term due to charge the internal battery plate sulfation, the sulfated if severe, treatment is difficult, because it is sealed.

cargo electric bicycles motor classification

Throughout the Flyhorse cargo electric bikes motors, from the current situation in the industry to use point of view, there are two main motor: efficient rare earth permanent magnet brush motors and high rare earth permanent magnet brushless motors, Flyhorse cargo electric bicycles currently on the market, most have been from a brush Motor phase into phase brushless motor. Between the two, the brushless motor is better than a brush motor. According to current market research, brushless motor has basically replaced brushed motors. Electric vehicles will usher brushless motor stage.
     The first brush motor: brush motor with mechanical commutation, low technical requirements for the control system, the relative cost less than brushless motor, brush motor starting torque is slightly larger than the brushless motor. But the fatal weakness is: Life is short, noisy and inefficient. It is a serious long-term use brushes to wear, easier to damage. Meanwhile worn toner dust generated a lot of these dust falling gear oil, gear oil accelerates dry, Flyhorse cargo trikes motor noise is further increased. Use a brush motor to be replaced within a year or so brushes, you will find the charging time is less than two-thirds of the mileage when you bought a new car, but underpowered when climbing, but also burn the controller. This is because the replacement motor brushes, commutator also grind a groove, so that the contact area to reduce the carbon brushes will produce a spark after poor contact brushes and commutator energize and accelerate the oxidation of copper, lead above undesirable phenomena.
     The second brushless motor: brushless motor with electronic commutation replace mechanical commutation, technically superior to brush motor. Since the brushless motor without gear reduction device, or to reduce the wear of the motor is not reliable. Its efficiency within a certain range than current high brush motor efficiency. Brushless motor driving up almost no noise, and long life of more than 10 years.